It was around 3500 BCE that the wheel and the cart were harnessed up, and although the first carts were heavy, with solid wheels, they allowed hearders to move their shelter and supplies beyond the river valleys for extended periods, establishing summer and winter camps, and greatly expanding the number of animals they could maintain in a heard.
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much more reciently horses have become symbols of animal rights, with thought and feelings comparable to human beings.
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His remarkable career was tepmered by the tale of a german horse called Clever Hans, who solved difficult mathmatical problems-including square roots-written on a blackboard, until it was discovered that he was responding to the subtlest body language and breathing changes in the person posing the questions-thereby proving he was an ordinary horse with a horse's extraordinary abilities.
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We can see a spectacular example of this with the phonomenon know as Beautiful Jim Key, the "educated horse". (as he was advertised), trained andtaken on tour by the former slave and civil war veteran Dr. William Key at the begining of the twentieth century.
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Trade in horses was not without its restrictions.
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The trojan horse was the ultimate wartime Big Lie.
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For fifteen hundred years this was the bit that most people used, and-given the opinionated habits of horse people-folks would scoff at those who rode with a snaffle rather than a curb.
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the curb was a later invention, probably introduced by the Celts in the fourth century BCE; it is mentioned by Xenophon a little later.
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As horses became larger, and as the feeling began to include high-energy grains, the need for greater steering and breaking mechanisms became apparent, and so the snaffle bit was "jointed" in the middle to squeeze the face, an action that was some times intensified with rings or cheeks added to the ends of the mouthpiece.
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For these were horses that grazed wild on the grasslands, defying the immediate demands of subsistance and signifying not just prestige but a king of sovereignty.
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They had hunted the buffalo on the northern plains, a staple of life and a sacred icon; they had given the Comanche and the Nez Perce and the Blackfoot and all the other peoples of the plains a new independence, and they had held everyone's imaginations, cowboys and Indians alike.
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The paragraph was titled "Worthless Horses."
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Worthless? These were the horses that worked the land, pulled the wagons, carried the men and women,and herded the stock.
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Actually, it didn't quite forget. It dismissed their horses in one paragraph in its nearly nine hundred pages.
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It was also incorrigibly utilitarian in the remedies it proposed. So when it came to describing the situation of the Navajo, one of the largest and most powerful of the tribes, it forgot about their horses.
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It led to dispossession of Indian territory, the destruction of Indian tribes, and the dislocation of Indian people.
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In the late 1920s, the government had commissioned a report from the Institute fo Government Reasearch (later known as the Brookings Institute) to address the devastation caused by the Dawes Act, which had been passed in 1885 to facilitate agricultural settlement on so called "idle" land.
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It wasn't just a bad winter; it was fifty of them in a row, winters and summers too.
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This was a time when the government in the United States was trying to deal with another disaster, one that wiped out many of the Indians, as well as their horses.
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They were very poorly clad and some of the children had practiclly nothing. They haven't even any cooking utensils. In February all of them took sick with bad colds. They've lived on moose meat since last summer; sometimes a little flour. No tea or tobacco. Two hundred horses died...
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There were only two or three good teepees in the whole outfit and the only shelter they had was a piece of canvas hung overr the willows, under which I sw the old people and the children huddled.
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During the two days I spent with them, it rained continually, and I noticed that these people did not have tents.
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June, 1933. There are 1933. There are 170 Indians in the band, belonging to the Beaver tribe. They are on their last legs.
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He made some notes to send to Ottawa:
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He knew a fair bit about horses, and little bit about Indians. And he heard about the terrible winter up there. But what he saw was worse than he expected.
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Mindy Christiansen, who was watching from the trail near where he had parked his truck, had been appointed Inspector of Indian Agencies for the region the previous spring.
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The legs became longer, as eohippus changed into mesohippus and merchippus and then pliohippus, running faster each time, rearing up higher, kicking harder, eventually emerging as equus.
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At first, Eohippus and her kin were at home in the rain forests and swamps, but as these changed to savannah land all the places to hide disappeared, replaced by places to run.
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So the toes went, slowly but surely, until all that was left were some bones up above the ankle and a little bit of the pad of the foot.
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HOrses have extraordinary generosity of sporit, and remarkable patience in dealing with humans.
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where...when...dismantle...weather....wuther...were and wence...in an artificial universe...without which....get on with...the major problem...of governing people...anyone...people are a problem...who...who can possibly....pussy...pussy...don't get involved...rain is wet I think...do you hear questions? And look what else they left me...who can tell who can tell?
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quien es la gata mas guapa?
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Horse, Lewis, goodbye

what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this

SSSoooooooooooooooo...sigh.

so...Karen, L chicka de mesas a Der Strand...tiene un segundo trabajo.

Ella necessita leer blogs y preguntar los escribadores, "do you want to review books?"

Entonces, digo, "Por supuesto! Como No!"

Entonces, esta compania: Meryl Zegarek Public Relations, Inc. (MZzzzzzzzzzzzzzzPR, I)
(m' envoyen???)(me da?)(sent me) estos libros:

1) TIME TO SAY GOODBYE-by PAT MacENULTY

Forty-four chapters with a light house and an Annie Lennoxesque Diva on the cover.

"Vera Lee was a fast learner. She had learned from Lance Underwood how to discern a Merlot from a Pinot Noir..."

2) The C. S. LEWIS CHRONICLES The indispensable Biography of the Creator of Narnia Full of Little-Known Facts, Events and Miscellany-by COLIN DURIEZ

3) HORSE: HOW THE HORSE HAS SHAPED CIVILIZATIONS-by J. Edward Chamberlin

includes such topics as "OUT OF THE MIST: Horses and Humans in the Americas", "MAKING TROUBLE: Horses and war", and "GREAT HORSE CULTURES OF THE WORLD: From Ancient China to Modern Europe"

entonces espero para (mi pelo?) a venir sec(o?) y empezo a leer estos libros finos.

sigh...fe...fe...feeling burried
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dream life message provides account in freudian terms equiped with language koan video game psychonauts programed woof bears attacking bunnies and anything can happen because its dream logic black velvet matador paintings manhole captain of high school wrestling team none of which was true it stood for his rage and embarrassment fear of having a brain stolen he's coming.
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sigh...so much to read...so much to read.
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life drawing 235

what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this what is this

Hello...it is Friday...February 3, 2003...I sit in my apartment...apartment 47...my roommates are out...either that or they are being very quiet. My internet connection is down. I just installed this WordPerfect 11. Now I am practicing typing...typing without looking at the keyboard.
So blah, blah, blah, blah, blah da de da curious isn’t it that one can type one blah with no spelling flag, but two blahs raises a flag comme ca:
blah blah
sigh...will wonders never cease?
Maybe I will try my internet connection again...sigh.
An unfriendly roommate and a sketchy wireless connection
can be aggravating in the extreme.
Hey this instant spell check is amazing.
Where have you been all my life, instant spell check?
Last night I went to a free drawing session at a gallery in the Bronx.
The gallery is called Haven...its at 235 141st st.
not far from Barry’s Factory.
They are having an opening there tonight.
13 women artists on thirteen walls.
Now I want to see if I can get this Motorola Phone
to do some fancy tricks.